📘 A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, animal, or event.
✏️ Practice Time!
Is it a person, place, thing, animal, or event? Choose the correct category.
Common Noun
A general name for a person, place, or thing — not capitalized.
| Word | Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
| city | common | 🏙️I live in a big city. |
| state | common | 🗺️Every state has its own capital. |
| country | common | 🌎My country is beautiful. |
| day | common | 📅Today is my favorite day. |
| month | common | ❄️January is a cold month. |
| school | common | 🏫She goes to school every morning. |
| car | common | 🚗He bought a new car. |
| movie | common | 🎬We watched a movie last night. |
| drink | common | 🥤I want a cold drink. |
| singer | common | 🎤She is a famous singer. |
Proper Noun
A specific name for a particular person, place, or thing — always capitalized.
| Word | Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Seattle | proper | 🏙️I live in Seattle. |
| Washington | proper | 🗺️Washington is a beautiful state. |
| United States of America | proper | 🌎I am from the United States of America. |
| Monday | proper | 📅Today is Monday. |
| March | proper | ❄️March is a cold month here. |
| South Seattle College | proper | 🏫She goes to South Seattle College. |
| Tesla | proper | 🚗He bought a new Tesla. |
| Spider-Man | proper | 🎬We watched Spider-Man last night. |
| Pepsi | proper | 🥤I want a cold Pepsi. |
| Michael Jackson | proper | 🎤Michael Jackson is a famous singer. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Is each word a Common Noun or a Proper Noun?
| Rule Type | Examples (Singular → Plural) |
|---|---|
| Regular Nouns(add -s) |
🚗car→cars
🏠house→houses
|
| Ends in S, CH, SH, X, Z(add -es) |
🚌bus→buses
📦box→boxes
|
| Ends in Consonant + Y(change y → ies) |
👶baby→babies
🏙️city→cities
|
| Ends in Vowel + Y(add -s) |
👦boy→boys
🔑key→keys
|
| Ends in F / FE(change to -ves) |
🍃leaf→leaves
🐺wolf→wolves
|
| Ends in Vowel + O(add -s) |
📻radio→radios
|
| Ends in Consonant + O(add -es) |
🍅tomato→tomatoes
🥔potato→potatoes
|
| Irregular Nouns(special forms) |
🧑man→men
🧒child→children
🦷tooth→teeth
|
| No Change(same word) |
🐑sheep→sheep
🦌deer→deer
|
✏️ Practice Time!
What is the plural form of each word? Choose the correct spelling.
| Preposition Group | Examples — Where is the cat? |
|---|---|
| In / Inside / On(location) |
📦The cat is in the box.
📦The cat is inside the box.
🛋️The cat is on the chair.
|
| In Front Of / Behind(facing) |
🐕The cat is in front of the dog.
🐕The cat is behind the dog.
🐕The cat is at the back of the dog.
|
| Right / Left / Between(position) |
🥣The cat is on the right of the bowl.
🥣The cat is on the left of the bowl.
🥣🥣The cat is between the bowls.
|
| Under / By / Near / Next To / Across From(nearby) |
🪑The cat is under the table.
🪴The cat is by the plant.
🪴The cat is near the plant.
🪴The cat is next to the plant.
🐕The cat is across from the dog.
|
| Straight Ahead / Up / Down From / Below(direction) |
➡️The cat is straight ahead.
🌳The cat is up the tree.
🌳The cat is down from the tree.
🌳The cat is below the tree.
|
❓ Where Is the Cat?
Choose the correct preposition for each sentence. Look for the picture clue!
| Pattern | Examples (near / far) |
|---|---|
| There Is / There Are(saying something exists) |
🖊️There is a pen.near
🖊️There is a pen.far
✏️There are pens.near
✏️There are pens.far
|
| This / That(singular) |
🖊️This is my pen.near
🖊️This is a pen.near
🖊️That is my pen.far
🖊️That is a pen.far
|
| These / Those(plural) |
✏️These are my pens.near
✏️These are pens.near
✏️Those are my pens.far
✏️Those are pens.far
|
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct word for each sentence. Look for the near/far clue!
Part 1 — There is / There are
Part 2 — This / That / These / Those
Present Tense
Subject + am / is / are + action word + -ing
| Subject | Be-Verb | Action | -ing | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | eat | ing | 🍌I am eating a banana. |
| He | is | eat | ing | 🍎He is eating an apple. |
| She | is | eat | ing | 🥗She is eating salad. |
| It | is | eat | ing | 🦴It is eating a bone. |
| You | are | eat | ing | 🍝You are eating pasta. |
| We | are | eat | ing | 🥪We are eating sandwiches. |
| They | are | eat | ing | 🍽️They are eating dinner. |
Past Tense
Subject + was / were + action word + -ing
| Subject | Be-Verb | Action | -ing | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | was | eat | ing | 🍳I was eating breakfast. |
| He | was | eat | ing | 🍲He was eating lunch. |
| She | was | eat | ing | 🍽️She was eating dinner. |
| It | was | eat | ing | 📅It was eating food yesterday. |
| You | were | eat | ing | 🌙You were eating pizza last night. |
| We | were | eat | ing | ☀️We were eating in the afternoon. |
| They | were | eat | ing | 🍳They were eating in the kitchen. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct be-verb for each sentence. Look for the clue word!
| Subject | Be-Verb | Adjective | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | rich | I am rich. |
| He | is | happy | He is happy. |
| She | is | beautiful | She is beautiful. |
| It | is | thirsty | It is thirsty. |
| You (one) | are | strong | You are strong. |
| You (many) | are | good | You are good. |
| We | are | busy | We are busy. |
| They | are | insideadverb of place | They are inside the classroom. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct be-verb (am / is / are) for each sentence.
| Subject | Be-Verb | Adjective | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | was | rich | I was rich. |
| He | was | happy | He was happy. |
| She | was | beautiful | She was beautiful. |
| It | was | thirsty | It was thirsty. |
| You (one) | were | strong | You were strong. |
| You (many) | were | good | You were good. |
| We | were | busy | We were busy. |
| They | were | insideadverb of place | They were inside the classroom. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct be-verb (was / were) for each sentence.
| Subject Type | Subject | Verb | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person (singular) | The boy | runs | The boy runs fast. |
| Person (plural) | The boys | run | The boys run fast. |
| Place (singular) | Seattle | shines | Seattle shines at night. |
| Place (plural) | The cities | shine | The cities shine at night. |
| Thing (singular) | The phone | works | The phone works well. |
| Thing (plural) | The phones | work | The phones work well. |
| Animal (singular) | The dog | barks | The dog barks loudly. |
| Animal (plural) | The dogs | bark | The dogs bark loudly. |
| Event (singular) | The party | starts | The party starts at 6:00. |
| Event (plural) | The parties | start | The parties start at 6:00. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct verb form for each subject. Singular or plural?
| Subject Type | Subject | Verb(Present Continuous) | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person (singular) | The boy | is running | The boy is running fast now. |
| Person (plural) | The boys | are running | The boys are running fast now. |
| Place (singular) | Seattle | is shining | Seattle is shining at night now. |
| Place (plural) | The cities | are shining | The cities are shining at night now. |
| Thing (singular) | The phone | is working | The phone is working well today. |
| Thing (plural) | The phones | are working | The phones are working well today. |
| Animal (singular) | The dog | is barking | The dog is barking loudly now. |
| Animal (plural) | The dogs | are barking | The dogs are barking loudly now. |
| Event (singular) | The party | is starting | The party is starting at 6:00 (now). |
| Event (plural) | The parties | are starting | The parties are starting at 6:00 (now). |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct be-verb (is / are) for each sentence. Singular or plural?
💡 In the simple past, the verb stays the SAME for singular and plural subjects — no extra -s, no is/was vs are/were. "The boy ran" and "The boys ran" use the exact same verb.
| Subject Type | Subject | Verb(Simple Past) | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person (singular) | The boy | ran | The boy ran fast. |
| Person (plural) | The boys | ran | The boys ran fast. |
| Place (singular) | Seattle | shone | Seattle shone at night. |
| Place (plural) | The cities | shone | The cities shone at night. |
| Thing (singular) | The phone | worked | The phone worked well. |
| Thing (plural) | The phones | worked | The phones worked well. |
| Animal (singular) | The dog | barked | The dog barked loudly. |
| Animal (plural) | The dogs | barked | The dogs barked loudly. |
| Event (singular) | The party | started | The party started at 6:00. |
| Event (plural) | The parties | started | The parties started at 6:00. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct simple past spelling of the verb for each sentence.
| Subject Type | Subject | Verb(Past Continuous) | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person (singular) | The boy | was running | The boy was running fast. |
| Person (plural) | The boys | were running | The boys were running fast. |
| Place (singular) | Seattle | was shining | Seattle was shining at night. |
| Place (plural) | The cities | were shining | The cities were shining at night. |
| Thing (singular) | The phone | was working | The phone was working well. |
| Thing (plural) | The phones | were working | The phones were working well. |
| Animal (singular) | The dog | was barking | The dog was barking loudly. |
| Animal (plural) | The dogs | were barking | The dogs were barking loudly. |
| Event (singular) | The party | was starting | The party was starting at 6:00. |
| Event (plural) | The parties | were starting | The parties were starting at 6:00. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct be-verb (was / were) for each sentence. Singular or plural?
💡 In the simple future, "will" is always followed by the BASE verb — no -s, no -ed, no -ing — and it never changes for singular or plural subjects. "The boy will run" and "The boys will run" use the exact same verb form.
| Subject Type | Subject | Verb(will + base verb) | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person (singular) | The boy | will run | The boy will run fast. |
| Person (plural) | The boys | will run | The boys will run fast. |
| Place (singular) | Seattle | will shine | Seattle will shine at night. |
| Place (plural) | The cities | will shine | The cities will shine at night. |
| Thing (singular) | The phone | will work | The phone will work well. |
| Thing (plural) | The phones | will work | The phones will work well. |
| Animal (singular) | The dog | will bark | The dog will bark loudly. |
| Animal (plural) | The dogs | will bark | The dogs will bark loudly. |
| Event (singular) | The party | will start | The party will start at 6:00. |
| Event (plural) | The parties | will start | The parties will start at 6:00. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct verb form after "will" for each sentence.
💡 In the future continuous, "will be" is always followed by the VERB-ING form, and it never changes for singular or plural subjects. "The boy will be running" and "The boys will be running" use the exact same verb form.
| Subject Type | Subject | Verb(will be + verb-ing) | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person (singular) | The boy | will be running | The boy will be running fast. |
| Person (plural) | The boys | will be running | The boys will be running fast. |
| Place (singular) | Seattle | will be shining | Seattle will be shining at night. |
| Place (plural) | The cities | will be shining | The cities will be shining at night. |
| Thing (singular) | The phone | will be working | The phone will be working well. |
| Thing (plural) | The phones | will be working | The phones will be working well. |
| Animal (singular) | The dog | will be barking | The dog will be barking loudly. |
| Animal (plural) | The dogs | will be barking | The dogs will be barking loudly. |
| Event (singular) | The party | will be starting | The party will be starting at 6:00. |
| Event (plural) | The parties | will be starting | The parties will be starting at 6:00. |
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct verb form after "will be" for each sentence.
📘 An adjective describes a noun — it tells us more about a person, place, animal, or thing.
✏️ Practice Time!
Look at the examples. Find the adjectives used in those examples, and use those adjectives to complete each sentence.
📘 Opposites are words with completely different meanings, like "hot" and "cold."
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct opposite for each word.
| Adverb | Percentage | Meaning | Visual Indicator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Always | 100% | every time | ★★★★★ |
| Usually | 90–95% | most of the time | ★★★★★ |
| Generally | 80–90% | in most cases | ★★★★★ |
| Often | 60–80% | many times | ★★★★★ |
| Sometimes | 40–60% | not always | ★★★★★ |
| Occasionally | 20–40% | a few times | ★★★★★ |
| Seldom | 10–20% | not often | ★★★★★ |
| Rarely | 5–10% | almost never | ★★★★★ |
| Never | 0% | not at any time | ★★★★★ |
✏️ Practice Time!
Look at the table. Use the correct adverb of frequency to complete each sentence.
| Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| CoordinatingFANBOYS — joins equal ideas |
🌧️I stayed home, for it was raining.
☕She likes tea and coffee.
🚫He doesn't like tea, nor does he like coffee.
😴I wanted to go, but I was tired.
☕You can have tea or coffee.
☔It was raining, yet we went outside.
🛏️I was tired, so I went to bed.
|
| Subordinatingjoins a main clause + a dependent clause |
🌧️I stayed home because it was raining.
☔Although it was raining, we went outside.
🌦️If it rains, we will stay home.
🏠When it rains, I stay home.
🌧️Since it was raining, we stayed home.
🏠While it was raining, we stayed inside.
⛔We will not go unless it stops raining.
⏳We waited until it stopped raining.
|
| Correlativepaired conjunctions that work together |
☕You can have either tea or coffee.
🚫She likes neither tea nor coffee.
☕She likes both tea and coffee.
☕She likes not only tea but also coffee.
🤔I don't know whether to have tea or coffee.
|
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct conjunction for each sentence.
| Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Proper Nounname of a specific person, place, thing, animal, or event |
🧑Robert
🏙️Seattle
📱Apple iPhone
🐕German Shepherd
🎉New Year
|
| Common Noungeneral name of a person, place, thing, animal, or event |
🧑man
🏙️city
📱phone
🐕dog
🌴holiday
|
| Singular Nounone person, place, thing, animal, or event |
🧒child
🇺🇸USA
☂️umbrella
🐄cow
🎉New Year
|
| Plural Nounmore than one person, place, thing, animal, or event |
🌍countries
🧒🧒children
🐄🐄cows
🎉🎊events
|
| Countable Nouncan be counted |
🪑table
🪑chair
🍎apples
✏️pencil cases
|
| Uncountable Nouncannot be counted |
💧water
🍚rice
💨air
🍬sugar
🧂salt
|
| Concrete Nouncan be seen or touched |
🧑🎓student
🏬mall
💻computer
🐐goat
🐕dog
|
| Abstract Nounan idea or feeling |
❤️love
💢hate
😊happiness
⚖️truth
|
| Collective Nouna group of people or things |
🤝team
👪family
🏫class
👥crowd
|
✏️ Practice Time!
Look at the table. Choose the correct noun type for each word.
| Verb Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Action Verbsshow action (physical or mental) |
🏃run
🍽️eat
🎲play
🤔think
✍️write
|
| Linking Verbsconnect the subject to information |
🙂is
😴are
🤒was
😊seem
🧑⚕️become
|
| Helping (Auxiliary) Verbshelp the main verb |
🏃is
✅have
☕does
🏃will
|
| Regular Verbsform the past tense with -ed |
🎲play→played
💼work→worked
|
| Irregular Verbschange form in the past tense |
🚶go→went
🍽️eat→ate
👀see→saw
|
| Transitive Verbsneed an object |
📖She reads a book.
🍎He eats an apple.
|
| Intransitive Verbsno object needed |
😴He sleeps.
😄She laughs.
|
✏️ Practice Time!
Look at the table. Choose the correct verb type for each example.
📘 Regular verbs form the past tense by adding -ed (or -d if the word already ends in e, or changing -y to -ied).
| # | Present | Past |
|---|
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct past-tense spelling for each present-tense verb.
📘 Irregular verbs do NOT follow the -ed rule — their past tense form changes in unpredictable ways and must be memorized (go → went, not "goed").
| # | Present | Past |
|---|
✏️ Practice Time!
Choose the correct past-tense form for each present-tense verb.