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📘 A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, animal, or event.

🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Person

👦boy

🧑‍⚕️doctor

👨father

👧girl

👨man

👩mother

🧑‍🏫teacher

🏙️ Place

🏖️beach

🏙️city

🚜farm

🏥hospital

🏠house

📚library

🌳park

🏫school

📦 Thing

📖book

🪑chair

💻computer

☕cup

🔑key

📱phone

👟shoes

🍽️table

🐾 Animal

🐦bird

🐱cat

🐶dog

🐘elephant

🐟fish

🐴horse

🦁lion

🐒monkey

🎉 Event

🎂birthday

🎤concert

🎉festival

🏈game

🏝️holiday

🧑‍🤝‍🧑meeting

🎈party

💍wedding

✏️ Practice Time!

Is it a person, place, thing, animal, or event? Choose the correct category.

Score: — / 39

How many words?

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Common Noun

A general name for a person, place, or thing — not capitalized.

🟢 A general word — lowercase!

Word	Type	Example
city	common	🏙️I live in a big city.
state	common	🗺️Every state has its own capital.
country	common	🌎My country is beautiful.
day	common	📅Today is my favorite day.
month	common	❄️January is a cold month.
school	common	🏫She goes to school every morning.
car	common	🚗He bought a new car.
movie	common	🎬We watched a movie last night.
drink	common	🥤I want a cold drink.
singer	common	🎤She is a famous singer.

Proper Noun

A specific name for a particular person, place, or thing — always capitalized.

🔵 A specific name — always capitalized!

Word	Type	Example
Seattle	proper	🏙️I live in Seattle.
Washington	proper	🗺️Washington is a beautiful state.
United States of America	proper	🌎I am from the United States of America.
Monday	proper	📅Today is Monday.
March	proper	❄️March is a cold month here.
South Seattle College	proper	🏫She goes to South Seattle College.
Tesla	proper	🚗He bought a new Tesla.
Spider-Man	proper	🎬We watched Spider-Man last night.
Pepsi	proper	🥤I want a cold Pepsi.
Michael Jackson	proper	🎤Michael Jackson is a famous singer.

✏️ Practice Time!

Is each word a Common Noun or a Proper Noun?

Score: — / 20

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Rule Type	Examples (Singular → Plural)
Regular Nouns(add -s)	🚗car→cars 🏠house→houses
Ends in S, CH, SH, X, Z(add -es)	🚌bus→buses 📦box→boxes
Ends in Consonant + Y(change y → ies)	👶baby→babies 🏙️city→cities
Ends in Vowel + Y(add -s)	👦boy→boys 🔑key→keys
Ends in F / FE(change to -ves)	🍃leaf→leaves 🐺wolf→wolves
Ends in Vowel + O(add -s)	📻radio→radios
Ends in Consonant + O(add -es)	🍅tomato→tomatoes 🥔potato→potatoes
Irregular Nouns(special forms)	🧑man→men 🧒child→children 🦷tooth→teeth
No Change(same word)	🐑sheep→sheep 🦌deer→deer

✏️ Practice Time!

What is the plural form of each word? Choose the correct spelling.

Score: — / 18

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Preposition Group	Examples — Where is the cat?
In / Inside / On(location)	📦The cat is in the box. 📦The cat is inside the box. 🛋️The cat is on the chair.
In Front Of / Behind(facing)	🐕The cat is in front of the dog. 🐕The cat is behind the dog. 🐕The cat is at the back of the dog.
Right / Left / Between(position)	🥣The cat is on the right of the bowl. 🥣The cat is on the left of the bowl. 🥣🥣The cat is between the bowls.
Under / By / Near / Next To / Across From(nearby)	🪑The cat is under the table. 🪴The cat is by the plant. 🪴The cat is near the plant. 🪴The cat is next to the plant. 🐕The cat is across from the dog.
Straight Ahead / Up / Down From / Below(direction)	➡️The cat is straight ahead. 🌳The cat is up the tree. 🌳The cat is down from the tree. 🌳The cat is below the tree.

❓ Where Is the Cat?

Choose the correct preposition for each sentence. Look for the picture clue!

Score: — / 18

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Pattern	Examples (near / far)
There Is / There Are(saying something exists)	🖊️There is a pen.near 🖊️There is a pen.far ✏️There are pens.near ✏️There are pens.far
This / That(singular)	🖊️This is my pen.near 🖊️This is a pen.near 🖊️That is my pen.far 🖊️That is a pen.far
These / Those(plural)	✏️These are my pens.near ✏️These are pens.near ✏️Those are my pens.far ✏️Those are pens.far

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct word for each sentence. Look for the near/far clue!

Score: — / 12

Part 1 — There is / There are

Part 2 — This / That / These / Those

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Present Tense

Subject + am / is / are + action word + -ing

🟢 What you are doing NOW!

Subject	Be-Verb	Action	-ing	Example
I	am	eat	ing	🍌I am eating a banana.
He	is	eat	ing	🍎He is eating an apple.
She	is	eat	ing	🥗She is eating salad.
It	is	eat	ing	🦴It is eating a bone.
You	are	eat	ing	🍝You are eating pasta.
We	are	eat	ing	🥪We are eating sandwiches.
They	are	eat	ing	🍽️They are eating dinner.

Past Tense

Subject + was / were + action word + -ing

🔵 What you were doing BEFORE!

Subject	Be-Verb	Action	-ing	Example
I	was	eat	ing	🍳I was eating breakfast.
He	was	eat	ing	🍲He was eating lunch.
She	was	eat	ing	🍽️She was eating dinner.
It	was	eat	ing	📅It was eating food yesterday.
You	were	eat	ing	🌙You were eating pizza last night.
We	were	eat	ing	☀️We were eating in the afternoon.
They	were	eat	ing	🍳They were eating in the kitchen.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct be-verb for each sentence. Look for the clue word!

Score: — / 14

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Subject	Be-Verb	Adjective	Example
I	am	rich	I am rich.
He	is	happy	He is happy.
She	is	beautiful	She is beautiful.
It	is	thirsty	It is thirsty.
You (one)	are	strong	You are strong.
You (many)	are	good	You are good.
We	are	busy	We are busy.
They	are	insideadverb of place	They are inside the classroom.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct be-verb (am / is / are) for each sentence.

Score: — / 8

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Subject	Be-Verb	Adjective	Example
I	was	rich	I was rich.
He	was	happy	He was happy.
She	was	beautiful	She was beautiful.
It	was	thirsty	It was thirsty.
You (one)	were	strong	You were strong.
You (many)	were	good	You were good.
We	were	busy	We were busy.
They	were	insideadverb of place	They were inside the classroom.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct be-verb (was / were) for each sentence.

Score: — / 8

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Subject Type	Subject	Verb	Example Sentence
Person (singular)	The boy	runs	The boy runs fast.
Person (plural)	The boys	run	The boys run fast.
Place (singular)	Seattle	shines	Seattle shines at night.
Place (plural)	The cities	shine	The cities shine at night.
Thing (singular)	The phone	works	The phone works well.
Thing (plural)	The phones	work	The phones work well.
Animal (singular)	The dog	barks	The dog barks loudly.
Animal (plural)	The dogs	bark	The dogs bark loudly.
Event (singular)	The party	starts	The party starts at 6:00.
Event (plural)	The parties	start	The parties start at 6:00.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct verb form for each subject. Singular or plural?

Score: — / 10

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Subject Type	Subject	Verb(Present Continuous)	Example Sentence
Person (singular)	The boy	is running	The boy is running fast now.
Person (plural)	The boys	are running	The boys are running fast now.
Place (singular)	Seattle	is shining	Seattle is shining at night now.
Place (plural)	The cities	are shining	The cities are shining at night now.
Thing (singular)	The phone	is working	The phone is working well today.
Thing (plural)	The phones	are working	The phones are working well today.
Animal (singular)	The dog	is barking	The dog is barking loudly now.
Animal (plural)	The dogs	are barking	The dogs are barking loudly now.
Event (singular)	The party	is starting	The party is starting at 6:00 (now).
Event (plural)	The parties	are starting	The parties are starting at 6:00 (now).

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct be-verb (is / are) for each sentence. Singular or plural?

Score: — / 10

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💡 In the simple past, the verb stays the SAME for singular and plural subjects — no extra -s, no is/was vs are/were. "The boy ran" and "The boys ran" use the exact same verb.

Subject Type	Subject	Verb(Simple Past)	Example Sentence
Person (singular)	The boy	ran	The boy ran fast.
Person (plural)	The boys	ran	The boys ran fast.
Place (singular)	Seattle	shone	Seattle shone at night.
Place (plural)	The cities	shone	The cities shone at night.
Thing (singular)	The phone	worked	The phone worked well.
Thing (plural)	The phones	worked	The phones worked well.
Animal (singular)	The dog	barked	The dog barked loudly.
Animal (plural)	The dogs	barked	The dogs barked loudly.
Event (singular)	The party	started	The party started at 6:00.
Event (plural)	The parties	started	The parties started at 6:00.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct simple past spelling of the verb for each sentence.

Score: — / 10

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Subject Type	Subject	Verb(Past Continuous)	Example Sentence
Person (singular)	The boy	was running	The boy was running fast.
Person (plural)	The boys	were running	The boys were running fast.
Place (singular)	Seattle	was shining	Seattle was shining at night.
Place (plural)	The cities	were shining	The cities were shining at night.
Thing (singular)	The phone	was working	The phone was working well.
Thing (plural)	The phones	were working	The phones were working well.
Animal (singular)	The dog	was barking	The dog was barking loudly.
Animal (plural)	The dogs	were barking	The dogs were barking loudly.
Event (singular)	The party	was starting	The party was starting at 6:00.
Event (plural)	The parties	were starting	The parties were starting at 6:00.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct be-verb (was / were) for each sentence. Singular or plural?

Score: — / 10

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💡 In the simple future, "will" is always followed by the BASE verb — no -s, no -ed, no -ing — and it never changes for singular or plural subjects. "The boy will run" and "The boys will run" use the exact same verb form.

Subject Type	Subject	Verb(will + base verb)	Example Sentence
Person (singular)	The boy	will run	The boy will run fast.
Person (plural)	The boys	will run	The boys will run fast.
Place (singular)	Seattle	will shine	Seattle will shine at night.
Place (plural)	The cities	will shine	The cities will shine at night.
Thing (singular)	The phone	will work	The phone will work well.
Thing (plural)	The phones	will work	The phones will work well.
Animal (singular)	The dog	will bark	The dog will bark loudly.
Animal (plural)	The dogs	will bark	The dogs will bark loudly.
Event (singular)	The party	will start	The party will start at 6:00.
Event (plural)	The parties	will start	The parties will start at 6:00.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct verb form after "will" for each sentence.

Score: — / 10

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💡 In the future continuous, "will be" is always followed by the VERB-ING form, and it never changes for singular or plural subjects. "The boy will be running" and "The boys will be running" use the exact same verb form.

Subject Type	Subject	Verb(will be + verb-ing)	Example Sentence
Person (singular)	The boy	will be running	The boy will be running fast.
Person (plural)	The boys	will be running	The boys will be running fast.
Place (singular)	Seattle	will be shining	Seattle will be shining at night.
Place (plural)	The cities	will be shining	The cities will be shining at night.
Thing (singular)	The phone	will be working	The phone will be working well.
Thing (plural)	The phones	will be working	The phones will be working well.
Animal (singular)	The dog	will be barking	The dog will be barking loudly.
Animal (plural)	The dogs	will be barking	The dogs will be barking loudly.
Event (singular)	The party	will be starting	The party will be starting at 6:00.
Event (plural)	The parties	will be starting	The parties will be starting at 6:00.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct verb form after "will be" for each sentence.

Score: — / 10

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📘 An adjective describes a noun — it tells us more about a person, place, animal, or thing.

🐘big elephant 🌿quiet nature 🌳tall tree 🍲slow cooker 📕old book 🛍️busy woman ❄️cold winter 👟new shoes 🐁small rat 🧘calm man ☀️hot summer 🪶soft feather 👨‍👩‍👧happy family 🚗fast driver 💇‍♀️long hair 🩳short pants 🥧tasty pie 🎵loud music 😢sad girl

✏️ Practice Time!

Look at the examples. Find the adjectives used in those examples, and use those adjectives to complete each sentence.

Score: — / 19

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📘 Opposites are words with completely different meanings, like "hot" and "cold."

🎈up↔down ☕hot↔cold 🚪close↔open 😄happy↔sad 💡on↔off 📖old↔new 🥛full↔empty ☀️day↔night 🐘big↔small 🏢tall↔short 🪶soft↔hard 🪢long↔short 🪢loose↔tied 📦out↔in 🐌slow↔fast 🌱young↔old 🛑stop↔go ☀️sunny↔rainy

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct opposite for each word.

Score: — / 18

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Adverb	Percentage	Meaning	Visual Indicator
Always	100%	every time	★★★★★
Usually	90–95%	most of the time	★★★★★
Generally	80–90%	in most cases	★★★★★
Often	60–80%	many times	★★★★★
Sometimes	40–60%	not always	★★★★★
Occasionally	20–40%	a few times	★★★★★
Seldom	10–20%	not often	★★★★★
Rarely	5–10%	almost never	★★★★★
Never	0%	not at any time	★★★★★

✏️ Practice Time!

Look at the table. Use the correct adverb of frequency to complete each sentence.

Score: — / 9

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Type	Examples
CoordinatingFANBOYS — joins equal ideas	🌧️I stayed home, for it was raining. ☕She likes tea and coffee. 🚫He doesn't like tea, nor does he like coffee. 😴I wanted to go, but I was tired. ☕You can have tea or coffee. ☔It was raining, yet we went outside. 🛏️I was tired, so I went to bed.
Subordinatingjoins a main clause + a dependent clause	🌧️I stayed home because it was raining. ☔Although it was raining, we went outside. 🌦️If it rains, we will stay home. 🏠When it rains, I stay home. 🌧️Since it was raining, we stayed home. 🏠While it was raining, we stayed inside. ⛔We will not go unless it stops raining. ⏳We waited until it stopped raining.
Correlativepaired conjunctions that work together	☕You can have either tea or coffee. 🚫She likes neither tea nor coffee. ☕She likes both tea and coffee. ☕She likes not only tea but also coffee. 🤔I don't know whether to have tea or coffee.

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct conjunction for each sentence.

Score: — / 20

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Type	Examples
Proper Nounname of a specific person, place, thing, animal, or event	🧑Robert 🏙️Seattle 📱Apple iPhone 🐕German Shepherd 🎉New Year
Common Noungeneral name of a person, place, thing, animal, or event	🧑man 🏙️city 📱phone 🐕dog 🌴holiday
Singular Nounone person, place, thing, animal, or event	🧒child 🇺🇸USA ☂️umbrella 🐄cow 🎉New Year
Plural Nounmore than one person, place, thing, animal, or event	🌍countries 🧒🧒children 🐄🐄cows 🎉🎊events
Countable Nouncan be counted	🪑table 🪑chair 🍎apples ✏️pencil cases
Uncountable Nouncannot be counted	💧water 🍚rice 💨air 🍬sugar 🧂salt
Concrete Nouncan be seen or touched	🧑‍🎓student 🏬mall 💻computer 🐐goat 🐕dog
Abstract Nounan idea or feeling	❤️love 💢hate 😊happiness ⚖️truth
Collective Nouna group of people or things	🤝team 👪family 🏫class 👥crowd

✏️ Practice Time!

Look at the table. Choose the correct noun type for each word.

Score: — / 18

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Verb Type	Examples
Action Verbsshow action (physical or mental)	🏃run 🍽️eat 🎲play 🤔think ✍️write
Linking Verbsconnect the subject to information	🙂is 😴are 🤒was 😊seem 🧑‍⚕️become
Helping (Auxiliary) Verbshelp the main verb	🏃is ✅have ☕does 🏃will
Regular Verbsform the past tense with -ed	🎲play→played 💼work→worked
Irregular Verbschange form in the past tense	🚶go→went 🍽️eat→ate 👀see→saw
Transitive Verbsneed an object	📖She reads a book. 🍎He eats an apple.
Intransitive Verbsno object needed	😴He sleeps. 😄She laughs.

✏️ Practice Time!

Look at the table. Choose the correct verb type for each example.

Score: — / 14

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📘 Regular verbs form the past tense by adding -ed (or -d if the word already ends in e, or changing -y to -ied).

#	Present	Past

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct past-tense spelling for each present-tense verb.

Score: — / 20

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📘 Irregular verbs do NOT follow the -ed rule — their past tense form changes in unpredictable ways and must be memorized (go → went, not "goed").

#	Present	Past

✏️ Practice Time!

Choose the correct past-tense form for each present-tense verb.

Score: — / 20

Grammar Review: Parts of Speech

Grammar review

Tap the cards, open the panels and take the noun tests to check what you know.

The 8 parts of speech

Every word in English belongs to one of eight groups. Select a card to see what it does.

Noun

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, animal, or event.

Category	Example
Person	teacher
Place	city
Thing	book
Animal	dog
Event	birthday

Types of nouns

Type	Definition	Examples
Common	General name	teacher, city, book, dog, birthday
Proper	Specific name; begins with a capital	Maria, Seattle, iPhone, Fido, Thanksgiving
Concrete	Experienced with the five senses	student, school, apple, cat, concert
Abstract	Idea, feeling, quality, concept	happiness, freedom, time
Singular / Plural	One vs. more than one	teacher / teachers, city / cities, dog / dogs
Count / Noncount	Countable vs. uncountable	student, apple, dog, wedding
Collective	Names a group	family, herd

Remember: a noun can have more than one type. teacher = common + concrete + singular + count. Seattle = proper + concrete + singular. happiness = abstract + noncount.

Test each type of noun

Choose a type, then answer its four questions.

Score: 0 / 0

Pronoun

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Maria is a teacher. She is kind.

Subject pronouns

Singular	Plural
I	we
you	you
he, she, it	they

Object pronouns

Subject	Object
I	me
you	you
he / she / it	him / her / it
we / they	us / them

Other types of pronouns

Open each panel.

Possessive

mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs

Reflexive

myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves

Demonstrative

this, that, these, those

Interrogative

who, whom, whose, which, what

Indefinite

someone, anyone, everyone, nobody

Verb

A verb shows an action or a state of being.

Action: run, walk, eat, study.
Verb "to be": am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs add -ed in the past. Tap a card to see the past form.

Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs have no -ed pattern. Tap a card to see the past and past participle.

Verb tense and aspect

Tense	Simple	Progressive	Perfect	Perfect progressive
Present	I work.	I am working.	I have worked.	I have been working.
Past	I worked.	I was working.	I had worked.	I had been working.
Future	I will work.	I will be working.	I will have worked.	I will have been working.

Adjective

An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. It answers: What kind? Which one? How many? How much?

Type	Examples
Descriptive	beautiful, large, happy
Possessive	my, your, his, her, our, their
Demonstrative	this, that, these, those
Quantitative	some, many, few, much

Adverb

An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Type	Question	Examples
Manner	How?	slowly, carefully
Time	When?	today, soon
Place	Where?	here, outside
Frequency	How often?	always, never
Degree	To what extent?	very, extremely

Preposition

A preposition shows a relationship between words.

Common prepositions: in, on, at, by, for, from, to, with, about, under, over, between, behind.

Use	AT	ON	IN
Time	7:00, noon	Monday, Sept 27	September, 2026
Place	school, work	table, wall	room, Seattle
Direction	to, from, into, out of, toward, through, across

Conjunction

A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.

Coordinating (FANBOYS)

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

Subordinating

because, although, if, when, while, since, unless

Correlative

both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also

Interjection

An interjection expresses feeling or emotion.

Examples: Wow! Oh! Hey! Ouch! Oops! Great!

Sentence patterns

S = Subject, IV = Intransitive Verb, LV = Linking Verb, C = Complement, TV = Transitive Verb, O = Object, DO = Direct Object, OC = Object Complement.

Pattern	Formula	Example
1. S–IV	Subject + Intransitive Verb	Birds fly.
2. S–LV–C	Subject + Linking Verb + Complement	Maria is a teacher.
3. S–TV–O	Subject + Transitive Verb + Object	Maria reads books.
4. S–TV–DO–OC	Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement	They elected Maria president.

Sentence structures

Structure	Definition	Example
1. Simple	One independent clause.	I study English.
2. Compound	Two or more independent clauses.	I studied English, and I passed the test.
3. Complex	One independent + at least one dependent clause.	I studied English because I had a test.
4. Compound-complex	At least two independent + at least one dependent clause.	I studied English because I had a test, and I passed the exam.

Test: sentence structures

Choose the structure of each sentence.

Test: sentence patterns

Choose the pattern of each sentence.